CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
News & Views

In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum

Leading defined contribution investors joined Net Zero Investor's one-day event in Westminster to discuss how pension funds can tackle climate change in their portfolios

How are DC investors integrating climate into their retirement stage funds, does natural capital have a place in DC portfolios and is it time to rethink approaches to equities? These were some of the key themes at Net Zero Investors' 2026 DC Forum held just a stone's throw away from the Houses of Parliament in Westminster. 

Picture credit: Tina Miguel

In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
The event was chaired by Alison Leslie, head of DC investment at Hymans Robertson
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
Ryan Taylor head of UK DC clients and James Wall head of UK DC business development at Schroders set out key findings from our inaugural DC Investment Survey
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
Ryan Taylor head of UK DC clients, Schroders
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
James Wall head of UK DC business development, Schroders
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
Jonathan Parker MD & head of DC Redington, Eva Cairns head of responsible investment Scottish Widows, Natalie Winterfrost director LawDebenture, Hilkka Komulainen global head of sustainability and impact at Quinbrook on Value for Money and net zero.
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
Eva Cairns, head of responsible investment Scottish Widows
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
James Monk investment director Fidelity International, Katherine Patel associate partner Aon, Mark Searle head of DC investment XPS, Paul Tinslay professional trustee Dalriada on net zero in decumulation funds.
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
Cadi Thomas head of sustainable investment Isio, Graham Cook independent, Matthew Roberts partner Fulcrum Asset Management discussing opportunities in natural capital.
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
t Drew Henley-Lock partner Lane Clark & Peacock LLP, Alexandra Christiansen lead portfolio manager Nordea Asset Management, Leanne Clements head of responsible investment People's Partnership on the value of stewardship.
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
Alexandra Christiansen lead portfolio manager Nordea Asset Management
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
Rahil Ram head of investment strategy NatWest Cushon, Thomas Hohne-Sparborth head of sustainable investing Lombard Odier Investment, James Dalby sustainability investments leader Aviva, Mohammed Khalil sustainable investing strategist Phoenix on equities
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
Rahil Ram head of investment strategy NatWest Cushon, Thomas Hohne-Sparborth head of sustainable investing Lombard Odier Investment
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
James Lawrence director of investment proposition Smart Pension and Beverley Gower-Jones founder and managing partner Clean Growth Fund on investment opportunities in venture capital.
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum
Mark Hill climate and sustainability lead The Pensions Regulator on transition plans, nature and net zero for trustees.
In pictures: highlights of NZI’s 2026 DC Forum

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