CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
News & Views

Taiwanese pension funds select managers for $3bn climate infrastructure mandate

Five managers have been allocated total of $600m each from the Labor Pension Fund, Labor Insurance Fund and the National Pension Insurance Fund

Taiwan’s Bureau of Labor Funds (BLF) has released the results for a $3bn climate transition infrastructure passive investment mandate.

Amundi Asset Management, BNP Paribas Asset Management (Europe), Geode Capital Management, Northern Trust Asset Management (Australia) and State Street Global Advisors (Singapore) have been entrusted with $600m each.

The mandates, awarded after a multi-stage selection process, have a term of five years.


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Each manager will be allocated $400m from the Labor Pension Fund alongside $100m each from the Labor Insurance Fund and the National Pension Insurance Fund.

The BLF announced the search for managers in March this year. The focus of the passive investment mandate was listed infrastructure companies with exposure to the energy transition.

The FTSE Global Core Infrastructure TPI Climate Transition (ex-China) index was chosen as the benchmark. In a statement, the BLF said this was intended to target companies with ‘forward-looking climate transition management capabilities’.

Mandate design

The BLF, established under Taiwan’s Ministry of Labor, is responsible for managing Taiwan’s public pension funds. Speaking with Net Zero Investor, BLF’s director general Yu-Ching Su said the mandate was designed to reflect specific investment objectives.

“By combining the stable income potential of listed infrastructure with long-term structural trends such as the energy transition and rising electricity demand, the mandate is expected to enhance portfolio diversification, strengthen the funds’ investment resilience and further implement the Bureau’s sustainable investment principles”, she explained.

Su says the BLF’s interest in listed climate transition infrastructure is driven by three core factors: growth expectations, long-term investment outlook and a balance between returns and sustainability.

Even if economic conditions change, she reckons, demand for transition infrastructure assets is stable – providing the BLF with portfolio resilience.

Su points out that the mandate not only builds on the BLF’s existing asset allocation in alternatives but also extends it to the listed infrastructure market.

Additionally, the choice to opt for passive investment strategies was deliberate. “The main benefits are cost efficiency, broad diversification and the ability to complement our existing active infrastructure strategies”, Su says.

Manager selection

The BLF’s evaluation committee, according to Su, assesses managers based on ‘organizational capabilities, investment expertise, investment processes, risk management, internal controls, service quality and the implementation of sustainable investing’.

The mandate’s focus on passive investing also determined what the BLF was looking for. “For this passive mandate, technical implementation capability is especially important”, Su noted.

That implementation ability meant BLF would consider the ability of the manager to track the benchmark and manage tracking errors. “We will also consider expertise and experience in portfolio construction, trade execution, index rebalancing, liquidity management and cost control”, she added.

The manager’s experience in climate, transition and infrastructure investing was also part of the BLF’s calculus.

Capital deployment into the mandates will align with the BLF’s annual asset allocation plans. The BLF will now proceed with signing investment mandate agreements with the five asset managers.


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