CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Briefs

£16m private investment boost for UK’s local climate bond market

The UK’s Local Climate Bond market has received a £16m injection from two private investors, in a significant boost to local authority-led net-zero initiatives.

The Green Finance Institute (GFI) confirmed on 7 May that the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation and Unity Trust Bank have committed £1m and £15m respectively to support municipal green investment projects.

The foundation’s £1m will be used as match-funding to encourage citizen investment through the Abundance Investment platform. The first £165,000 of this funding has already been deployed to support green projects in Bristol, Hackney and Hammersmith & Fulham.

Meanwhile, Unity Trust Bank becomes the first institutional backer of the initiative with a £15m commitment. The funds will be co-invested alongside resident contributions to finance projects such as school energy retrofits, flood resilience schemes, and green infrastructure.

GFI and Abundance Investment have worked in partnership to establish the local municipal investment model, enabling councils to borrow directly from citizens and institutions to fund local climate action.


NZI Charities and Endowments Summit | 12/06/2026 | London


So far, 14 councils have used the platform, raising £11.5m from more than 2,750 citizen investors. The new institutional backing is seen as a key milestone in scaling the market, with GFI hailing it as a “pivotal moment” for the asset class.

Councillors from the participating boroughs welcomed the news, highlighting the benefits of combining grassroots and institutional investment to drive low-carbon projects and community wealth-building. 

Local authorities in the UK are tasked with delivering a range of services, ranging from education over transport to waste collection and disposal. The UK government estimates that 82% of all greenhouse gas emissions fall within the scope of local authorities.

Yet local governments are facing mounting costs pressures having faced more than a decade of budget cuts. They are now increasingly turning to alternative financing options amid concerns about the adequacy of central government support to meet net-zero targets. A recent survey by the Local Government Association found that over two-thirds of councils lack confidence in achieving net-zero under current funding arrangements.

Content Tags: Fixed Income  UK  In-Brief 

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