CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Briefs

Dutch pension giant commits €75m to Italian blue bond

APG, the investment manager for Dutch public sector fund ABP, has committed €75m to a blue bond aimed at improving Italy’s water infrastructure.

The bond, issued by Italian utility company A2A, aims to save around 630,000 m³ of water annually by modernising infrastructure such as pipelines, meters and sensors.

The commitment is a cornerstone investment within a wider €155m financing round alongside five other investors, as Michael Bosman, senior portfolio manager credits at APG, explained.

Thanks to this investment, A2A will go beyond what is legally required in terms of water conservation and water quality. The impact reporting is linked to KPIs jointly defined by ABP and APG, such as clean and efficient drinking water.

In January this year, A2A became the first corporate issuer of green bonds aligned with the EU’s new taxonomy. A prominent issuer of green and sustainability-linked debt, the company confirmed in May that it had missed a renewable energy capacity target for an SLB issued in 2022, which triggered a coupon step-up.

APG has gradually increased its allocations to green and sustainability-labelled debt. In 2023, APG’s credits team invested in a blue bond issued by Danish energy company Ørsted, aimed at financing projects that promote healthy seas and oceans. Shahzad Memon, portfolio manager responsible investment fixed income, commented: “Since the Ørsted deal, the credits team has been working closely with utility companies and advising banks on the required impact standards. This effort is starting to bear fruit with different utilities expressing interest.”

Despite A2A’s recent coupon step-up, the team expresses confidence in the issuer. The transaction was a private placement, ensuring close interaction between issuer and investor, Bosman explained. “We have known A2A for years as a solid bond issuer. They are progressive in the labelled bond space and were among the first companies to issue a bond under the new EU Green Bond Standard earlier this year, making them an innovative frontrunner.”


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