CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Briefs

German lender invests £52.5m in Welsh synchronous condenser project

German bank NORD/LB has provided £52.5m in financing to support upgrades to Welsh grid infrastructure. The bank is funding Pulse Clean Energy’s Upper Boat synchronous condenser project in South Wales. The deal marks the largest financing for a single synchronous condenser project in the UK to date.


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Pulse Clean Energy, a London-based developer and owner of utility-scale battery storage assets, will use the funding to support growth across its Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) pipeline.

Synchronous condensers play a key role in modern electricity networks by providing the stabilising services traditionally delivered by large fossil fuel power stations, including voltage control, inertia and fault current support, without burning fuel or producing direct emissions.

Upper Boat is currently under construction, with energisation of the first of two connections expected later this year. The project forms part of the National Energy System Operator’s Pathfinder 3 programme, which was established to procure critical grid stability services from the market.

“We’re deeply honoured to be continuing our partnership with Pulse Clean Energy by financing the Upper Boat synchronous condenser project in South Wales,” said Niels Jakeman. “Having worked together on a number of transactions, it’s great to build on that relationship with an impactful project like this. Synchronous condensers have an important role to play in supporting grid stability alongside growing renewable capacity, and we’re proud to be backing infrastructure that will help enable a more resilient, lower-carbon energy system in the UK.”

Headquartered in Lower Saxony, Germany, commercial bank NORD/LB has emerged as a key financier of energy transition infrastructure across Europe. Among others, it has provided funding for solar farms in Yorkshire, Norfolk, Latvia, Sweden and Italy.


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