CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Diandra Soobiah, director of responsible investment at Nest
Briefs

Nest vows to vote against executives scaling back climate ambitions

Nest, the UK’s largest master trust, is set to vote against the reappointment of board chairs if their companies have “materially scaled back” their climate policies, the pension fund said.

The move means that Nest could now oppose the reappointment of a number of executives during the 2026 AGM season. The pension fund announced the policy as it released its updated voting guidelines.


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Commenting on the changes, Diandra Soobiah, director of responsible investment at Nest, said the move builds on the fund’s existing approach.

“We have engaged — and, where necessary, voted against — companies that weaken their climate plans and do not provide adequate transparency to shareholders. We also expect companies to put material changes to their climate strategy or transition plan to a shareholder vote.”

“The update sets out more clearly how Nest evaluates significant changes to climate-related targets, investment plans or transition timelines, and reinforces its expectation that companies maintain credible, transparent transition strategies. Where adjustments are made, boards are expected to provide clear and evidence-based justification to shareholders,” the pension fund said.

Nest’s change in strategy comes as a growing number of major corporations have scaled back their climate ambitions. Tech firms such as Microsoft now acknowledge that the rise of AI has made it harder to meet their net-zero emissions targets, while oil and gas giants including BP, Shell, ExxonMobil and Chevron have doubled down on fossil fuel extraction. Banks also continue to underwrite the fossil fuel industry.

Meanwhile, the SEC’s decision to step back from overseeing most “no-action requests”, and changes to UK AGM rules, have made it harder for shareholders to file resolutions challenging companies on climate issues.

Earlier this week, energy giant BP released its Notice of Annual Meeting, excluding a climate resolution filed by a campaign group. Following this, investors now plan to challenge the exclusion in court.

Last year, BP also effectively prevented shareholders from criticising its climate policies by announcing a major change to its energy transition strategy after the deadline for filing shareholder resolutions had passed. Investors, including Nest, subsequently voted to oppose the reappointment of BP chair Helge Lund. His reappointment was opposed by nearly a quarter of BP shareholders. Lund had already announced his intention to resign prior to the AGM.


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Content Tags: Defined Contribution  Engagement  UK  In-Brief 

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