CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Briefs

Singapore blended finance vehicle reaches $250m first close with Temasek backing

The Energy Transition Acceleration Finance partnership (ETAF), a Singapore-based blended finance initiative focused on replacing coal with renewables, has confirmed a $250m first close.

The new fund, backed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), Clifford Capital, and the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG), aims to mobilise capital into earlier-stage or higher-risk energy transition infrastructure investments.


NZI Transition and Climate Investment Conference | 22 October | London | Register here


While MAS and PIDG are providing catalytic capital for the first close, Temasek is also expected to contribute from its Concessional Capital for Climate Action fund, subject to definitive agreements. DBS Bank is participating as a senior lender to ETAF.

Clifford Capital Asset Management, the wholly owned asset manager of Clifford Capital, will act as the fund manager for ETAF.

The deal is part of wider efforts by the Singapore government to accelerate the energy transition. Overall, the government has pledged up to US$500m in concessional capital under FAST-P, Singapore’s Financing Asia's Transition Partnership, with the aim of catalysing up to US$5bn in investments to support Asia’s green transition.

A key aim behind the initiative is to reduce reliance on coal and fossil fuel imports by scaling up renewables. This is particularly urgent in Indonesia, which relies on coal for 70% of its electricity generation. Japan, South Korea and Taiwan are also highly reliant on fossil fuels, with more than 80% of their energy supply dependent on imports.


Longview Networks: Institutional Investment Conferences and Summits



Related Content