CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Briefs

Swedish and Danish pension funds back World Bank’s reforestation bond

The World Bank has raised $225m through a nine-year bond backed by a broad consortium of institutional investors, with part of the proceeds being committed to the reforestation of the Amazon Rainforest.

The €50bn Danish Velliv Pension Fund and and $41bn Swedish AP2 are among the backers of the bond, which has committed $36m to support the reforestation activities of Mombak, a Brazil-based company.

Lead investors for the bond include Nuveen, T. Rowe Price, Mackenzie Investments, Rathbones, and Velliv. Additional investors participating in the transaction include AP2, Azimut, IMPAX, Muzinich, and RBC BlueBay Asset Management.

The Amazon Reforestation-Linked Outcome Bond is the largest outcome bond issued by the World Bank to date, with the lender hinting at a growing pipeline of outcome-oriented bonds.

“Velliv is very pleased to participate in the Amazon Reforestation-Linked Bond to support native reforestation of the rainforest biomass in Brazil with the objective of removing carbon from the atmosphere while supporting local wildlife biodiversity. At the same time, the investment will provide an attractive return profile for our pension savers,” said Anders Stensbøl Christiansen, CIO at Velliv Pension.

The bond offers investors a guaranteed return that is lower than the ordinary return paid on regular World Bank issuances of similar maturity. In this instance, an amount equivalent to the foregone coupon payments (the differential between the World Bank’s ordinary return and the fixed return) is used to support the reforestation projects.

Impact, or Outcome bonds have been growing in popularity among institutional investors with China emerging as the biggest issuer of impact bonds in 2023, followed by France, the US and Germany. The World Bank is the most prominent supra national issuer Outcome bonds. Debt issued by the World Bank is rated Aaa/AAA by Moody’s and S&P.

The World Bank stated that the bond is 100% principal-protected, with the $225m proceeds being used to support the World Bank’s sustainable development activities globally.


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