CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
News & Views

Dutch pension fund divests €2.8bn from Shell, BP and other fossil fuel firms

PFZW, the €237.8bn pension fund for workers in the Dutch healthcare and welfare sector has confirmed that it has now sold off the bulk of its fossil fuel holdings, including positions in Shell, BP and Total Energies

The decision comes after a two-year engagement programme whereby the pension fund stepped up its dialogue with the firms with the aim of ensuring that their business strategy was Paris Aligned.

However, having found that these companies made insufficient progress in the transition to a cleaner energy mix, PFZW sold off stakes in 310 oil and gas companies where it held a combined stake of €2.8bn.

Joanne Kellermann, chair of the board at PFZW commented on the decision: “The intensive shareholder dialogue over the past two years with the oil and gas sector on climate has made it clear to us that most fossil fuel companies are not prepared to adapt their business models to ‘Paris’. While the largest companies in this sector do invest in sustainable forms of energy, the switch from fossil to low carbon is not nearly fast enough” she warned.

PFZW also announced that it remains invested in seven firms which it believes to be frontrunners in the energy transition. These are Cosan S.A., Galp Energia, Granuul Invest, Neste Oyj, OMV A.G., Raízen S.A. and Worley Limited.

By the end of the decade, PFZW plans to have 15% of its overall assets invested in climate solutions.


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In the past, PFZW has been an active player in asset-owner led stewardship efforts at Shell and BP and has backed activist resolutions on climate put forward by Follow This. It has also been the lead engager for Shell on behalf of Climate Action 100+ alongside Dutch asset manager MN. It remains yet to be confirmed who will take the stewardship lead now. 

Colin Tissen, advisor responsible investment at PFZW said in a social media post that in future, the fund would pivot its engagement efforts towards the largest consumers of fossil fuels.

“Recognizing that the responsibility for transitioning away from fossil fuels extends beyond oil and gas companies, both suppliers and consumers must evolve. Crucially, this evolution requires a supportive policy environment” he added.

The announcement to divest from fossil fuel holdings comes after Exxon Mobil confirmed earlier this month that it intends to challenge activist shareholder resolutions in court, reflecting mounting challenges for stewardship at oil and gas giants.


More on this:

PGGM: "Effective stewardship is vital for net zero commitments"


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