CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
News & Views

‘Don’t get lost in the noise’ of short-term geopolitical risks, investors at the PLSA warn

Investors at the UK's annual PLSA Investment Conference warn that elections and geopolitics could distract investors from long-term climate risks

Investors should be thinking about long-term risks like climate change rather than getting “lost in the noise” of geopolitics and upcoming general elections, asset owners have warned.

On a panel discussion at the Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association’s Investment Conference (PLSA) in Edinburgh, Padmesh Shukla, CIO at the £14bn Transport for London (TfL) Pension Fund told delegates that for open, long-term schemes, focusing on long-term risks is “critical”.

Shukla explained that “there is so much noise in the market”, with upcoming elections in the UK and US as well as geopolitical events in the Middle east. However, he warned that pension funds should not be distracted by these short-term risks when it comes to making investment decisions.

“In some sense, it’s actually the discipline of staying long-term. The noise that we face every day is the challenge.

“The context of the long-term is that we will be holding assets in some cases for decades. So, some of risks are not obvious in the short-term and we have to be mindful of them. This is why things like climate change etc are more relevant for long-term, open schemes,” Shukla argued.

TfL pension fund, which invests on behalf of more than 84,000 members, has pledged to reduce its carbon footprint by 55% by 2030 and to become net zero by 2045.

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So, some of risks are not obvious in the short-term and we have to be mindful of them. This is why things like climate change etc are more relevant for long-term, open scheme

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Padmesh Shukla, chief investment officer, Transport for London (TfL) Pension Fund

‘Screen out the noise’

 Dan Mikulskis, CIO at the People’s Partnership, the provider of the £25bn People’s Pension, added: “There are two sets of things: There are the set of things that's entertaining us and grab that attention in a distracting world and there's a set of things that matter to long term investors and that is just a really big problem.”

So much of what investors see is a distraction, but the “biggest risk to investors is arguably too that we can get too distracted by them and make decisions on the back of them that aren’t quite right”, Mikulskis warned.

“I think it's really underappreciated how hard it is to actually set yourself up screen out all that noise,” he said.

Also joining Shukla and Mikulskis on the panel was Leandros Kalisperas, the CIO at £19bn West Yorkshire Pension Fund (WYPF), which is also open to new members. Kalisperas argued that asset owners must be “patient” and not be “triggered” by geopolitical events. 

 This certainly does not mean investors shouldn’t follow them as they can impact “day-to-day decision making in terms of the individual stock selection”, he acknowledged. 

However, “being a supertanker” defined benefit pension fund within the Local Government Pension Scheme, WYPF is cautious to take on lots of transaction costs on behalf of our members, Kalisperas explained.

“Our aim is to capture returns as part of our duty. We are very proud of being a low-cost [inhouse] investment manager and obviously if we make too many sorts of knee jerk decisions it would make a direct impact into our into our net returns,” he said.


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