CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
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UK chancellor of the exchequer John Healey outside 10 Downing Street. Credit: Shutterstock
News & Views

UK budget overhauls clean power procurement in favour of cheaper renewables

The UK is to overhaul the way it procures clean energy projects, in changes that could benefit onshore wind while creating new hurdles for more expensive technologies such as offshore wind and tidal power


Cheaper energy bills are a priority for the government, and the chancellor, John Healey, used his first budget to restate its commitment to the energy transition. He said the government remained “unshakeably committed to net zero by 2050”, adding that this “will require deep reform of the energy system”. 


Private Markets and Portfolio Construction | 5 November 2026 | Central Court, London


Cost and grid tests

Healey announced a new cost control framework under which the government will only buy and build new generation projects that can connect to the grid and lower bills.

The announcement comes after the application window for the latest renewables auction, Allocation Round 8 (AR8), closed in August. The new rules are unlikely to affect projects already in that round, but they could shape the budget for each pot, which is due to be published next month.

The grid connection requirement is not new. The cost test, however, could favour cheaper sources of renewable electricity such as onshore wind over relatively expensive ones such as offshore wind and tidal power.

Direct government backing

The framework also shifts the funding of some energy policy costs away from household levies and towards direct government spending. Hydrogen projects, for example, will be backed directly by the government rather than funded through levies on gas shippers.

Tancrède Fulop, a senior equity analyst at Morningstar, said the funding shift was unlikely to make a significant difference to the economics of renewable projects.

Healey also confirmed plans to move older renewable projects on to fixed-price contracts, to weaken the link between gas and electricity prices. Fulop said: “This reinforces a policy direction first put forward by former chancellor Rachel Reeves. For companies with the greatest exposure, including SSE, RWE and Ørsted, the financial impact will depend on the fixed prices ultimately agreed under those contracts.”

Public finance boost

The budget also included an extra £20.4bn for the National Wealth Fund and the British Business Bank, which could support further investment in the transition. The National Wealth Fund will receive £15.4bn and the British Business Bank £5bn over about five years.

Nick Bryer, the director of programmes and campaigns at the Finance Innovation Lab, welcomed the move but said: “Even with the increases announced today, though, these institutions will remain small compared with their international peers. The government should build on today’s announcement by turning the National Wealth Fund into a proper national development bank, giving it the capacity and tools needed to mobilise investment at scale, with a continued focus on the clean energy transition and regional growth.”

UK budget overhauls clean power procurement in favour of cheaper renewables

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