CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Fixed Income

News & Views

The ageing effect: how demographics shape BTPS climate solutions strategy

Arek Zawada, head of investment solutions at Brightwell, discusses the scheme’s approach to climate solutions

News & Views

Steady at the helm: what AP3’s half year results suggest about its climate commitments

The pension fund’s green bond-tilted fixed income portfolio outperformed its benchmark and timberland assets continued to deliver

News & Views

Aegon Asset Management launches climate transition fund for investment grade corporate bonds

The strategy will target a 30% carbon footprint reduction by 2029 and net zero portfolio alignment by 2040.

News & Views

Collateral climate haircuts: the ECB’s new ‘climate factor’ could reshape bond portfolios

A climate risk adjustment to collateral valuations could steer capital away from carbon-intensive issuers

News & Views

Engaging with sovereign issuers: Developed Market investors can learn from Emerging Markets

When it comes to engaging with sovereigns on climate change, developed market investors can learn a thing or two from emerging markets, argues Claire Meier Underhill, investor director at ASCOR

News & Views

Despite it all: what explains the resilience of green bonds?

The green bond market has been surprisingly resilient; the latest figures from the Climate Bonds Initiative show cumulative GSS+ debt has reached a $6tn milestone

News & Views

UPP’s Barbara Zvan on the shift to inflation-proof and climate assets

UPP is now fully funded just four years after launch, CEO Barbara Zvan discusses the fund’s shift to inflation-protected assets, its C$1.2bn commitment to climate solutions, and the challenge of decarbonising private markets

Briefs
News & Views

Uninsurable mean uninvestable: pricing in physical and litigation risks

Investors are bracing themselves for a stark increase in litigation costs as the physical impacts of climate change become increasingly tangible yet pricing this in remains far from straightforward

News & Views

Can labelled debt hold the key to tackling methane abatement?

The Methane Finance Working Group recommends a new approach to oil & gas debt structuring, linking it to methane abatement

Briefs
Briefs
News & Views

The dragon takes flight: tailwinds for China’s first green bond issuance

China has launched its first sovereign green bond, the issuance is significant for three reasons – confidence, geography and timing, reports Atharva Deshmukh

News & Views

Smart Pension’s James Lawrence on growing DC demand for green bonds

Thomas Helm speaks to James Lawrence, director of investment proposition at Smart Pension, to find out how the DC provider plans to green its fixed income portfolio

News & Views

Beyond green: inside the nascent space of transition bond funds

A major challenge for net-zero-focused bond investors is finding not only credible but also financially attractive transition finance opportunities