CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Fixed Income

Briefs

AXA IM Alts’ issues €500m green bond for European logistics fund

The bond, which matures in 2031, has a coupon rate of 3.375%. The issuance, which will finance logistics property acquisitions among other uses, has attracted strong investor interest

Briefs
News & Views

Making NDCs investable: What sovereign bond investors want from COP30

As the COP30 summit in Belem draws to a close, sovereign debt investors are assessing whether lofty climate promises can translate into investable insights.

Briefs
News & Views

COP 30: Brazil’s Tropical Forest Forever Facility needs $100bn of institutional capital

At COP30, Brazil is planning the launch of a new Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), the blended finance investment fund could become one of the world's largest emerging market investment vehicles

News & Views

New players, new rules: why the green bond market is on the cusp of change

The next chapter of the green bond market will involve new issuers, new structures and new regulations

News & Views

The Ländle goes green: inside Baden-Württemberg’s bond market drive

Arnim Emrich, head of treasury for Baden-Württemberg shares how the German federal state uses green bonds to meet its climate ambitions

Briefs

Swiss energy producer Axpo misses SLB targets, triggers coupon step-up

Swiss power producer Axpo missed targets related to its renewable energy capacity, triggering a coupon-step up

Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Atharva: an engineer’s guide to investing in methane abatement

The first engineer on the show, Dr. Ana Diaz, global energy transition lead at Climate Bonds Initiative, joins the NZI podcast to explain how science can guide investment decisions for methane abatement.

Briefs
News & Views

Who bought the Danish green bonds?

Last week, Denmark made history by becoming the first sovereign issuer of green bonds under the new European Green Bond (EuGB) Standard. But who ended up buying the debt?

News & Views

Green and growing: why quality is the new benchmark in GSS bond issuance

Pietro Sette, GSS bond director at MainStreet Partners, explores the drivers behind stronger GSS performance in the UK and Europe, despite a challenging global backdrop

Briefs
News & Views

Facilitating green bonds is becoming a business opportunity for large banks

Banks now collect more fees from green bonds than fossil fuel deals, marking a turning point in the corporate bond landscape

News & Views

T. Rowe Price launches Article 9 blue bonds strategy

Over $200m has been committed to strategy, which will invest in corporate bonds across emerging markets