CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Infrastructure

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Homes, land and infrastructure offer low hanging fruit for net zero investment

Andrew Teacher, founding partner, Lauder Teacher and chair of NZI's upcoming Real Estate Summit argues that real assets have a key role to play in helping the UK transition to net zero

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Partner Content

Emerging opportunities for UK long duration energy storage

Beverley Gower-Jones, managing partner for the Clean Growth Fund examines why long-duration energy storage has emerged as the missing piece in the UK’s clean energy puzzle

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The ageing effect: how demographics shape BTPS climate solutions strategy

Arek Zawada, head of investment solutions at Brightwell, discusses the scheme’s approach to climate solutions

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Competing conviction: India’s Reliance Industries is backing the country’s energy transition and its legacy

At its 2025 AGM, Reliance unveiled details of a $10bn push into renewables – from a Jamnagar gigafactory four times Tesla’s to a solar project larger than Singapore, amid growing institutional interest

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Gresham House: high power prices reshape net zero opportunities

Peter Bachmann talks to NZI about why consumers perceive renewables to be expensive, how companies can adapt and the long-term prospects for energy generation investments

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“Political risk on steroids”: AkademikerPension CIO Anders Schelde on Trump’s clash with Ørsted

Following the Revolution Wind project stop-work order, Schelde warns of a bleak investment outlook for US offshore wind

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Aware Super partners with National Wealth Fund to invest in UK-based battery storage platform

The Equitix-led investor consortium will invest £500m into battery storage operator Eelpower Energy

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Germany’s nuclear legacy: how KENFO invests €24bn for waste disposal

The German endowment KENFO has an unusual backstory – and an even more unusual strategic asset allocation. Head of investment management Verena Kempe sat down with NZI to discuss risk and return drivers, and the endowment’s distinctive focus on private markets