CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
News & Views

Beyond generation: the next frontier for European renewable infrastructure investing

From grids and storage to mid-market opportunities, the opportunity set is evolving alongside growing investor interest

Earlier this year, Stafford Capital Partners – a fund manager with a legacy based largely in timberland assets – made an announcement slightly out of the ordinary. A freshly integrated team of 11, based in Milan and Zurich, would implement a strategy focused entirely on mid-market renewable energy.

Stafford’s rationale was that renewable energy markets are undergoing a change in not only growth and scale, but also which parts of the value chain new opportunities might come from.


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The move is reflective of a wider trend. From its historical focus on large-scale greenfield generation, renewable energy markets are creating new frontiers for investors to consider.

Mid-market

Despite the headwinds to sustainable investing, Stafford chief executive Angus Whiteley says investor appetite for renewable infrastructure is here to stay.

“These are assets which have attractive return profiles, income streams attached and come with sustainability benefits. There’s quite a wide range of investors who are interested in that”, Whiteley told Net Zero Investor.

Stafford’s new strategy targets brownfield, mid-market opportunities. For now, solar and onshore wind assets in Italian, Dutch and British markets are the key focus.

“We found that it is important to be part of the market where there isn’t as much capital. We are happy to play in an area where it is smaller scale but with potential to offer compelling upside”, he explains.

The upside potential, Whiteley points out, comes from Stafford’s investment process – one that replaces older technology with more efficient alternatives in a bid to unlock commercial value.

For European renewable energy, the mid-market segment is growing fast. A white paper by Frontier Renewables notes that Europe’s geography and fragmented markets make assets with 50MW – 150MW capacity central to energy transitions.

Crucially, the paper reckons new market segments also bring the prospect of new investment approaches. The mid-market segment has after all, been historically challenging to tap into given misalignment between smaller scale and larger ticket sizes.

Beyond generation

New segments aside, the next frontier of renewable infrastructure investing will likely move beyond generation. At Net Zero Investor’s Renewable Infrastructure Forum last month, investors highlighted why this was likely.

With generation assets now being increasingly integrated into the energy mix, attendees noted the shift in attention – from generation to transmission and storage.

“Within four years, we’re going to have too many renewables on the system”, warned LCP Delta’s head of UK market strategy Sam Hollster. His observation reflected an emerging consensus.

“The grid is becoming the next frontier for investment”, echoed Manuel Dusina, head of real assets at Standard Life.

Ofgem’s director general for infrastructure Akshay Kaul had a timely message for investors that day – policy winds are also moving in that direction too. “Ofgem is working on trying to attract capital into long-duration storage”, he commented.

Stafford’s new strategy then might not be as out of the ordinary after all. If investor focus moves beyond generation, new vehicles and approaches seem a likely consequence. In years ahead, asset owner appetite for renewable energy – whilst on the rise – could find a new home in new frontiers, courtesy of new strategies on the market.


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