CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Briefs

Border to Coast pushes for management overhaul at oil and gas firms

Border to Coast, the pooling vehicle for 11 Local Government Pension Scheme (LGPS) funds, has voted against the reappointment of directors of at 95% of all oil and gas companies in a bid to escalate its engagement with the fossil fuel industry.

Describing climate change as a key investment risk for its partner funds, the pool also said it has backed 81% of environmental shareholder resolutions during the 2023 annual general meeting (AGM) season, according to its latest proxy voting report.

Jane Firth, Border to Coast’s head of responsible investment, said: “Investors risk giving up value by failing to ask portfolio businesses how they are managing risk.

“Given we consider climate change a critical risk to the long-term success of some portfolio companies, we are using perhaps the most influential means at our disposal - voting - to support credible proposals that are aligned with achieving net zero.”

Having strengthened its responsible investment voting guidelines in 2023, the LGPS pension pool’s report detailed that it exercised its voting rights during the AGM season to express concern at firms’ approaches to managing the risks of climate change.


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The report outlined that during the season Border to Coast voted for 81% of environmental shareholder resolutions but voted against 71% of ‘Say on Climate’ resolutions but forward by company management.

In total, the report revealed that Border to Coast voted on 10,167 resolutions at 690 annual meetings, supporting 88% of management resolutions.

Colin Baines, Border to Coast’s stewardship manager, said: “Investors need to be authentic in how they put commitments to net zero and company engagement into practice, resisting attempts to politicise environmental, social and governance (ESG) and climate risk management.

“Voting across all our funds in alignment with our responsible investment policies and voting guidelines ensures a clarity of approach for our partner funds. However, many asset owners do not have this assurance and misalignment between asset owners and some asset managers is becoming evident.

“Not only are some investors exposing themselves to accusations of greenwashing by voting counter to their climate commitments, they are also hindering the potential of ESG stewardship to secure quality company transition plans, reduce climate risk, and add long-term value.”


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