CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Masdar city in Abu Dhabi
Briefs

Masdar’s second green bond raises $1bn amid strong demand

Green energy firm Masdar has raised $1bn in its second green bond issuance which was heavily oversubscribed, indicating strong institutional demand to fund the energy transition in emerging markets.

Masdar reported strong institutional demand for its second fundraiser, which was more than 4.6 times oversubscribed with 70% of the investors representing institutional backers and 30% investors from the MENA region. The clean energy company is since 2022 jointly owned by Abu Dhabi's National Oil Company ADNOC, Abu Dhabi gas company TAQA and Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund Mudabala as the kingdom aims to diversify its income streams. As of 2022, the oil and gas trade accounted for nearly half of the nation's GDP.

The bond issuance has been divided into two tranches of $500m each with tenors of 5 and 10 years offering coupons of 4.875% and 5.25% respectively.

This is the second fundraiser aimed at funding Masdar’s goal of expanding its renewable energy portfolio to 100GW by 2030. A previous bond issuance had already raised $750m on the International Securities Market of the London Stock Exchange last year.

The second issuance was rated AA- by Fitch and A2 by Moody’s. Fitch recently upgraded Masdar's credit rating one notch to 'AA-', reflecting a stable outlook.

Proceeds from the bond will fund Masdar’s equity commitments to new greenfield renewable energy projects, particularly in developing economies. This stands in contrast to global green bond market flows, which so far remain heavily concentrated in developed markets.

Mohamed Jameel Al Ramahi, CEO of Masdar, said: “The funds will be pivotal in advancing our ambitious portfolio of renewable energy projects, further cementing our role as a key player in supporting an equitable energy transition by increasing energy access in emerging markets and the Global South.”

Green bond issuance has surged since the introduction of Central Bank rate hikes from 2021 on. However, the global green bond market is so far heavily dominated by European issuers, which account for more than half of the overall market and more than two thirds of projects funded are also in developed economies, according to data by the Climate Bonds initiative.


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