CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Briefs

Nest confirms manager for its first timberland mandate

Nest, the UK's largest DC master trust, has selected Campbell Global, a timberland investment advisory firm under J.P. Morgan Asset Management, to manage its first timberland portfolio.

Campbell Global will manage a global portfolio of direct investments in timberland, identifying investment opportunities fo in key markets such as the US, Australia, New Zealand, and Chile, Nest confirmed.

The partnership aims to focus on sustainable forestry practices, ensuring responsible management of forest resources while promoting biodiversity and maintaining ecosystems.

The appointment comes as DC providers in the UK are facing growing calls to diversify their portfolios, which have historically been predominantly invested in index tracker funds focused on equities. Nest has been among the first DC providers to confirm significant allocations to private markets, including investments in private equity and private credit announced in 2022. It also integrated renewable energy infrastructure into its portfolio through a collaboration with infrastructure manager GLIL.

Since the introduction of automatic enrolment, Nest’s assets have grown to more than £40bn which are invested on behalf of more than 12 million members, making it the largest UK pension scheme by members.

Timberland investments are increasingly recognised for their environmental benefits, including carbon capture, water filtration, and habitat preservation, alongside their economic advantages like stable returns, inflation hedging, and portfolio diversification.

Stephen O’Neill, head of Private Markets at Nest highlighted that Nest as a rapidly growing fund had been on the lookout for a manager that was able to scale up its timberland investments.

“We believe in Campbell Global we have found a partner that can grow alongside Nest, meeting our high bar for responsible investing – they’ve demonstrated they want to be good stewards of the environment and the forests, and the communities around the forests.

“We believe the importance of preserving natural capital will only increase in the coming years. Many aspects of our ecosystem such as forestry, water and agriculture are closely linked to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Achieving net zero emissions by 2050 will require natural capital preservation” he predicted.

The appointment of Campbell Global follows a procurement process announced at the beginning of this year, some 12 fund managers had applied for the mandate, Nest said.


Related Content