CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Briefs

NILGOSC adopts pass-through voting in passive funds

Northern Ireland Local Government Officers' Superannuation Committee (NILGOSC) will use pass-through voting in its passively-managed equities held in the Legal & General Investment Management (LGIM) pooled funds.

Pass-through voting is when asset managers allow their clients to vote at AGMs or specials meeting of the public companies whose shares they manage on the client's behalf. The goal is to provide asset owners with greater alignment across their portfolio and a stronger voice in corporate governance, which can be more challenging to achieve in low-cost passive funds.

NILGOSC’s adoption of pass-through voting comes after fintech firm Tumelo partnered with LGIM. Tumelo  allows the fund manager to pass the vote down to the institutional investor while still accommodating them within a pooled fund structure, providing the same flexibility as a segregated mandate.

Fund managers can onboard institutional investors by simply sending them a link to Tumelo’s digital platform and asking them to sign up.

While NILGOSC has exercised voting rights at company meetings of its actively-managed equity holdings, until now, it has not had the opportunity to indicate a preference on how votes are placed on passively-managed equities held in the LGIM pooled funds. Rather, it has relied on LGIM’s responsible investment credentials to cast votes according to its own voting policies.

NILGOSC’s CEO David Murphy said: “We’re thankful to each of our three partners, LGIM, Tumelo, and Minerva Analytics for working together to help implement an integrated PTV solution. NILGOSC seeks to improve corporate behaviour and protect shareholder value by maintaining effective shareholder oversight of the directors and company policies of the companies we’re invested in, and we’re very pleased to be able to implement our voting policy across more of our investments.”

NILGOSC adopts pass-through voting in passive funds

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