CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Briefs

Vanguard and Tumelo join forces in voting choice pilot

Tumelo, a London-based fintech, is teaming up with the world’s second-largest asset manager to roll out its voting choice technology to investors in Vanguard equity funds, significantly expanding the reach of its stewardship offering.

As part of the pilot, investors will be able to choose from four of Tumelo’s proxy voting policies: the company board-aligned policy, the Egan-Jones wealth-focused policy, the Glass Lewis ESG policy and Vanguard’s own fund manager policy.

The move will give investors in pooled funds greater influence over stewardship outcomes, including the option to adopt a more climate-focused voting stance than the manager might otherwise apply. Vanguard has previously faced criticism from shareholder groups over its low levels of support for climate resolutions and did not back any environmental or social shareholder proposals at US portfolio companies in 2025.

By partnering with Tumelo, Vanguard said it aims to give investors greater choice. Jon Cleborne, head of Europe at Vanguard, said at the launch of the pilot: “This is about giving UK investors the chance to have more of a voice. Many clients have expressed a desire to have more of a say on shareholder votes, and the pilot reflects our commitment to meeting their needs.”

Georgia Stewart, chief executive of Tumelo, added: “As stewardship continues to evolve, investor choice in proxy voting is becoming increasingly important. We are excited to support Vanguard in delivering that choice in an innovative, secure and scalable way.”

The pilot is open to UK-based professional intermediaries, with investors able to sign up from 13 January 2026. The funds participating in the pilot are the Vanguard ESG Screened Developed World All Cap Equity Index Fund (UK), the Vanguard FTSE Global All Cap Index Fund, the Vanguard FTSE U.K. All Share Index Unit Trust and the Vanguard U.S. Equity Index Fund.


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