CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
News & Views

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference

Net Zero Investors Annual Conference took place at the London Stock Exchange this week, attracting senior investors to discuss the future of net zero investing

The event was kicked off by chair James Corah, head of sustainability at CCLA who highlighted that net zero targets have evolved and now become front and centre of investor's minds. He was joined by David Russell, chair of the transition pathway initiative to discuss the future of institutional transition strategies. 

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
James Corah, CCLA, credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
David Russell, TPI, credit: Tina Miguel

In 2023, central bank rates have more than doubled and many investors anticipate that constraints on returns will continue in 2024. Hyewon Kong,  vice president, head of responsible investment at IMCO was joined by Morten Nilsson, CEO of Brightwell and Elaina Elzinga, principal, investments Wellcome Trust to discuss how the changing macroeconomic outlook could affect net zero strategies. 

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
James Cora, Morten Nilsson, Hyewon Kong, Elaina Elzinga credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Elaina Elzinga, Wellcome Trust credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Morten Nilsson, Brightwell, credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Hyewon Kong, Imco Invest, credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Networking break, credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Networking break, credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Networking break, credit: Tina Miguel

Martin Davies, global head of natural capital at Nuveen delivered the lead keynote on how a holistic approach to natural capital investing could help balance fiduciary duties with biodiversity commitments. 

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Martin Davies, Nuveen, credit: Tina Miguel

The theme of nature positive investing and biodiversity was picked up by Anna-Stina Wicklund,  head of responsible investing, portfolio manager at Finland's Church Pension Fund, and Gustave Loriot-Boserup, responsible investment manager for the LGPS pool London CIV.

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Biodiversity panel, credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Lunchbreak, credit: Tina Miguel

The next panel session addressed the geopolitics of the energy transition and how investors could avoid being stranded in the fossil fuel era. Phillip Dawes, head of Distribution at BNP Paribas Asset Management was joined by Kingsmill Bond, senior principal at RMI and Edward Baker, net zero manager at LGPS Central.

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Geopolitics of the energy transition panel, credit: Tina Miguel

Net zero strategies for emerging market investors were next on the agenda, with Tatjana Greil-Castro co-head of public markets and portfolio manager global credit strategies at  Muzinich exchanging views with Alan Siow, portfolio manager at Ninety One and  Padmesh Shukla, CIO for the Transport for London Pension Fund.

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Emerging market panel, credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Tatjana Greil-Castro, Muzinich credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Alan Siow, Ninety One, credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Padmesh Shukla, TfL Pension Fund, credit: Tina Miguel

Engagement strategies for hard to abate sectors were next on the agenda with Valeria Piani, head of stewardship at Phoenix Group sharing experiences with  Nick Spooner company strategist at the Australasian Centre for Corporate Responsibility,  Honor Fell, sustainable investment officer at UCIM and  Julius Pursaill, strategic advisor for the Cushon master trust. 

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Engaging with hard to abate sectors panel, credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Valeria Piani, Phoenix Group, credit: Tina Miguel

A key theme which emerged during COP28 is the growing need for investors to engage in policy advocacy. Strategies and tactics of policy engagement were discussed by Olga Hancock, head of responsible investment at the Church Commissioners for England, Lisa Hayles, director of International Shareholder Advocacy at Trillium Asset Management and  Hilkka Komulainen, head of responsible investment at Aegon UK.

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference

With a growing number of investors turning to fixed income, demand for green and sustainability-linked bonds has increased. But how can investors sort the wheat from the chaff? Chandra Gopinathan, senior investment manager at Railpen exchanged views on this growing trend with Josephine Richardson, head of research at the Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute.


In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Chandra Gopinathan, Railpen, credit: Tina Miguel
In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Josephine Richardson, Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute, credit: Tina Miguel

The event was rounded up with a closing keynote by former BBC climate and environment correspondent Roger Harrabin, who took stock of the COP28 summit and its implications for the energy transition. 

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference
Roger Harrabin, credit: Tina Miguel

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