CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
News & Views

‘The client is king’ investors send warning message on stewardship alignment

Asset owners are on track to increasingly challenge their managers on stewardship alignment, UK investors warn

Content Tags: LGPS  Stewardship  Asset Allocation 

UK investors have sent a warning message to their external managers, reaffirming their continued interest in strong commitments to tackle climate change, as discussions at the Local Authority Pension Fund Forum (LAPFF) mid-year conference revealed. LAPFF is an umbrella body coordinating stewardship efforts across seven LGPS Pools, which collectively manage more than £300bn in assets. 

The event, held just a stone’s throw from the House of Commons in Westminster under Chatham House rules, brought together investors from the UK’s Local Government Pension Scheme (LGPS) with other asset owners and managers from across the globe.

Underlying the discussions was a sharp awareness that LGPS investors remain highly exposed to events unfolding across US markets, with about half of the average LGPS portfolio invested in equities.

“I am very heartened by asset owners increasingly making statements on stewardship alignment. We need to see the money flowing. Asset managers may see a lot of these statements as greenwashing — they need to feel the pain from stepping back from rigorous stewardship,” said one speaker. Another added that a decision by UK master trust The People’s Pension to divest £28bn from US manager State Street had “sent ripples across the market”, with other managers now wondering if they could face similar divestments.

This follows a report by US manager JP Morgan Asset Management, which identified a significant opportunity for asset managers who stand firm on climate to tap into growing demand from European asset owners in particular. Having mapped views among the 100 largest asset owners, JP Morgan concluded that two-thirds continued to publicly acknowledge the importance of climate change.

And the trend is not limited to Europe. Among the asset owners flagging stewardship alignment is the New York City Comptroller, who has asked all third-party managers for listed market funds to enhance disclosure on climate stewardship.

However, LGPS investors at the event were also acutely aware that they could soon face challenges much closer to home, with the UK having seen a landslide by the Reform UK party in the May 2025 local elections.

Leading Reform UK politicians have described climate change as a “hoax” and the party aims to cut costs by “scrapping” net zero targets and renewable energy subsidies.

“Get ready for the debate that is going to happen around net zero in the LGPS,” one speaker warned. While it was no news that the LGPS was being turned into a political football, the new challenge would be the pressures coming from within, with newly elected Reform UK members now sitting on pension fund boards, the speaker added.

One way to navigate these pushbacks would be to increasingly make the financial case for investing in the energy transition, many speakers argued.

This should come with a system-wide approach to tackling climate change, one speaker added: “We need to shift away from notions of beating the benchmark towards systemic stewardship. The focus on alpha has been quite harmful, it has taken attention away from tackling climate change at a systemic level. In the absence of leadership from governments, LAPFF and other asset owners have a huge opportunity,” they concluded.


More on this:

JP Morgan AM identifies $11.7trn opportunity 

The People's Pension moves £28bn out of State Street citing stewardship misalignment

Content Tags: LGPS  Stewardship  Asset Allocation 

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