CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Partner Content

Out now: Spark! DC focus: a new dawn for climate investing?

The fourth issue of Spark puts DC investors centre stage, covering key topics from Mansion House reforms and renewable infrastructure to tech-heavy portfolios and bond strategies

The UK institutional market is on the verge of a drastic period of change as DC is taking over a growing slice of the market. Over the past six years, DC assets grew by 40% to a total of £650bn by the end of 2025.

There are good reasons for DC investors to worry about net zero, their average members are younger than 40 and if no action is being taken, much of their pensions could be wiped out due to climate change. This is why the DC market is the focus point of this issue of NZI Spark.

Renewable infrastructure has been identified as key investment opportunity, according to our first DC Investment Survey conducted with Schroders. In our cover story, Atharva Deshmukh investigates if the UK government’s reforms can accelerate DC investments in the transition.

While private markets are an exciting new theme for DC investors, the reality remains that most of their portfolio is invested in listed equities. Hannah Duncan takes a closer look at the growing carbon footprint of tech stocks.

Meanwhile, The People’s Pension’s Charlotte Vincent speaks to Mona Dohle about how £40bn master trust leverages its bond portfolio to tackle climate change.

Also in this issue, Bluefield examines how nature and biodiversity data can feed into investment decision making while Regenerate Asset Management makes the case for regenerative agriculture as the next frontier of natural capital. 


Read the fourth issue of Spark! here


In this issue, we explore:

  • How the UK's reforms of the DC pension sector will impact investments in the energy transition, by Atharva Deshmukh
  • How DC investors grapple with the carbon footprint of their tech-heavy portfolios, by Hannah Duncan
  • Charlotte Vincent, co-head fixed income sets out how the People's Pension uses bonds to tackle climate change, by Mona Dohle
  • DC Investment Survey highlights: how are DC investors approaching net zero? Schroders & Longview Networks
  • Partner | Why renewables are at the forefront of the DC allocation revolution, by Duncan Hale, Schroders Greencoat
  • Partner | Regenerative agriculture as the next frontier in nature positive investing, by Nicholas Burlington, Regenerate Asset Management 
  • Partner | How to turn nature and biodiversity insights into measurable action, by Zara Rourke and Emma Silcocks, Bluefield


NZI Transition Equities Summit | 15 April 2026 | London | Register here


Schroders, Regenerate AM, Bluefield

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