CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
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News & Views

AI and proxy voting: a Matrix moment for stewardship?

JP Morgan set an important precedent earlier this month when it announced that it had cut ties with external proxy advisers in favour of an AI-powered in-house tool. Is this much-needed progress that could break the oligopolistic proxy market, or a concerning step that risks weakening stewardship standards?

By Mona Dohle
News & Views

Wheat and chaff: carbon credit market to enter high-integrity supply squeeze

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From footnote to headline: ISSB pushes for methane disclosures

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Energy

EnergyGPT: in conversation with the IEA’s AI agent on its latest energy outlook

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Equities

Physical risk: quarter of equity holdings in asset owner portfolios face ‘severe hazards’

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Banking

Out of sight, out of line: banks’ climate solutions financing plans lack both ambition and visibility

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News & Views

Itaú Unibanco, JP Morgan Chase and Bank of America top financiers of Amazon disruption

Global lenders have provided more than $2bn (£1.6bn) in financing for new oil and gas projects in the Amazon so far this year, with Brazilian and US banks emerging as key backers, while many European lenders have scaled back their involvement

By Mona Dohle
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Pensions

Canadian pension funds challenged over links to the fossil fuel industry

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Research

Banking on nature: new study links nature loss to corporate credit risk

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Policy

UK financial institutions to face legally binding emissions reduction targets

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News & Views

Shaken, not stirred: private investment in climate mitigation is higher than ever

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Banking

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Investment Manager

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Engagement

Actively aware: India’s institutional investors are embracing climate materiality

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Private Markets

Big deal: why ‘whale’ deals are on the rise in climate blended finance

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Paris Alignment

Canadian pension giant abandons net zero target

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