CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
COP30 president Andre Correa do Lago shakes hands with António Guterres, secretary-general of the United Nations during the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30). Photo by Rafa Pereira/COP30
Briefs

Asset owners urge COP leaders to turn net-zero pledges into delivery

The Net-Zero Asset Owner Alliance (NZAOA), representing 87 institutional investors with USD 9.2trn in assets, has called on policymakers at COP to convert global climate commitments into concrete action, warning that investor momentum must be matched by clearer policy roadmaps and stronger national delivery plans.

In a statement welcoming the latest UNFCCC Presidency Summary Note and Letter, the group said market support for net zero “remains strong”. By the end of 2024, signatories had deployed USD 743bn into climate-solutions investments around 8 per cent of total assets, and are increasingly developing innovative approaches to financing the transition, including in emerging markets.

However, the Alliance stressed that maintaining progress requires governments to provide clarity and certainty following the 2023 Global Stocktake. Effective implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions, backed by transparent reporting and predictable national policies, is essential to generate pipelines of investable projects and give long-term investors confidence to allocate capital.

The NZAOA also urged deeper international cooperation and stronger public–private collaboration to unlock finance for emerging markets, and called for reforms to multilateral finance to address high capital costs, limited fiscal space and barriers to accessing climate funds. An enabling policy environment, it said, is crucial for investors striving to manage climate risk and support the transition.

The call comes a week after NZAOA released its progress report, revealing that the number of signatories had dropped from 88 to 87, as Dutch pension fund Pensioensfonds Detailhandel had left the alliance in January. However, 96% of NZAOA members now have set interim targets and investments in climate solutions increased from $555bn at the end of 2023 to $743bn by the end of 2024, marking a 34% increase of commitments to climate solutions. 


Content Tags: Transition  Emerging Markets  In-Brief 

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