CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Risk Management

Briefs
News & Views

Stranded assets: The trillion-dollar decommissioning challenge

The cost of decommissioning stranded assets could be as high as $8 trillion across conventional and renewable energy sources, new research suggests

News & Views

Net zero policies and transition risks: ‘asset owners should prepare for twenty volatile years’

Whether the green transition happens by design or by disaster, reading the policy runes is still a massive headache for asset owners

Briefs

GFANZ launches transition finance consultation

The global net zero alliance aims to support the scaling up of transition finance by providing common definitions

Briefs

USS and University of Exeter call for ‘radical shift’ in measuring climate risk

USS, the UK’s largest pension scheme and the University of Exeter have called for a “radical and urgent” shift in climate scenario modelling.

News & Views

BERS’ investment lead: ‘climate change is an un-diversifiable risk’

Antonio Rodriguez leads the investment office about NYC BERS. He sat down with Net Zero Investor to discuss divestment, diversification and the anti-ESG pushback

News & Views

Stalemate on G20 climate talks as fossil fuel subsidies surge

G20 leaders fail to agree on climate pledges - could this be an obstacle to investments in renewables?

News & Views

Climate scientist Susanne Ditlevsen: ‘I am shocked by how bad climate economists are’

Climate scientist Susanne Ditlevsen explains to Net Zero Investor why asset owners need to avoid mainstream climate economic forecasts

Briefs

Rising sea levels could sink Asian banks investors warn

As sea levels are rising, so could the risk of NPLs among Asian banks, an investor coalition warned

News & Views

Mining for Net Zero: Is a green commodities crisis around the corner?

Part II of NZI’s Mining for Net Zero series examines the implications of projected shortages in critical minerals needed for green technologies

News & Views

The silence score: how active are the world’s biggest investors on climate stewardship?

NZI takes a closer look at the stewardship practices of some of the world’s biggest investors in fossil fuels – and finds significant differences

News & Views

Pricing the unthinkable: Investors struggle to plan for AMOC collapse

The timeline and consequences of passing the collapse of the AMOC, a key climate tipping point, are still too uncertain to enable reliable analysis

Streaming
Podcast

Net Zero Investor Podcast - the financial risks of climate change to pensions

A look at the flawed assumptions of the impact of climate change on pensions with Mark Campanale and Professor Steve Keen.

News & Views

“Catastrophic market failure”: Mispricing gives edge to oil firms that won’t go net zero

Rewarding firms that are dragging their heels on the net zero transition could pose an investment risk, industry experts warn.

News & Views

Exclusive: ‘Divest if you foresee an acute risk,’ says Munich Re’s ESG chief

The head of ESG investments at Munich Re speaks about calculating and managing net zero risks in investment portfolios