CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Regulation

News & Views

SFDR 2.0: 40% of Article 9 funds at risk of breaching proposed exclusion rules

Exclusion criteria for sustainable funds will put asset manager claims under pressure, new research shows

News & Views

The war in Iran exacerbates turbulence in Europe’s carbon market

Soaring gas prices have implications for the EU ETS, which is under review this year

News & Views

SFDR 2.0: Europe’s fund labelling reform has transition blind spots that need fixing

With the EU planning to overhaul its fund labelling regime, stakeholders warn that it will need to tread carefully between incentivising ambition and addressing greenwashing

News & Views

BoE urges banks and insurers to make climate risk management ‘decision-useful’

James Talbot, executive director of BoE’s international directorate, outlined the bank’s approach to supervising climate risk governance for financial institutions

News & Views

Brace for impact: our survey shows how DC schemes are positioning their portfolios

Results from our inaugural survey of DC trusts in the UK show a widening appetite for private markets and a keen interest in renewable energy infrastructure

Briefs
News & Views

Climate fiduciaries: part II – the duty of even-handedness

The second instalment of this series on climate-related fiduciary duty explores the duty of even-handedness and its link to climate investing. This crucial fine print of fiduciary rules is at the heart of on-going legal proceedings against CPPIB

News & Views

Climate fiduciaries: part I – the climate prisoner’s dilemma

Do pension funds have a fiduciary duty to make climate-aware investment decisions? Some members are prepared to take the question to court. In this three-part series, NZI investigates the pieces of the climate fiduciary puzzle

News & Views

Ready, set, connect: Britain launches landmark grid connection reform

Rules for renewable energy grid connections have moved away from a ‘first come first serve’ approach. New rules, which prioritise viability, have implications for renewable infrastructure investment

Briefs

EU agrees to water down sustainability reporting rules

The agreement significantly reduces the scope of both CSRD and CSDDD

News & Views

Cleared for rating: FCA sets out plan to regulate ESG rating providers

The FCA has launched a consultation on its proposed ESG regulatory regime. Beginnning June 2028, ESG ratings providers will be FCA-regulated. The approach, the regulator says, will increase investor confidence in ratings

News & Views

A tale of two tests: why Britain’s VFM needs Australia’s playbook

The upcoming Pensions Bill in the UK proposes a value for money (VFM) framework for DC schemes. A similar experience in Australia – the performance test – had unintended consequences for climate solutions investing. Will the VFM repeat the performance test’s errors? or will this time be different?

News & Views

SFDR 2.0: European Commission sets out proposal to revamp sustainable fund labels

The EU is planning the most significant overhaul of fund labelling since the introduction of SFDR, key changes include a separate category for transition funds, PAI reforms and the exclusion of financial advisers from SFDR

News & Views

‘Genuinely disappointed, deeply concerned’: AkademikerPension CIO Anders Schelde on Europe’s Omnibus vote

Schelde warns the EU’s watering down of sustainability reporting is a loss for investors

News & Views

‘Wrong signal’: watering down Omnibus criticised

The European Parliament’s new negotiating position contradicts investor demands to protect CSRD and CSDDD