CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Risk Management

Briefs
News & Views

Asset owners focus on climate adaptation as heat rises

Donald Trump’s return to the White House highlights the need for asset owners to factor in climate adaptation, as well as mitigation

News & Views

California’s wildfires deepen the state’s insurance crisis

The state insurance plan, which was set up for homeowners abandoned by the private market, is now effectively bankrupt

News & Views

Zurich’s Danielle Brassel: “There is value in co-ordination”

Zurich’s head of responsible investment discusses different routes for climate-focused collaboration between the investment and the underwriting sides of the business

News & Views

Revealed: the leaders and laggards on climate in the insurance sector

Insurers are under increasing pressure to cease underwriting fossil fuels as climate-related weather events significantly impact profit margins. But who are the leaders and laggards in the insurance sector?

News & Views

EIOPA’s fossil fuel shakeup: are insurers rethinking their investment strategies?

EIOPA’s new guidance on the prudential treatment of fossil fuel assets for European insurers could spark significant changes. Are insurers rethinking their exposure?

News & Views

Are insurers’ climate risk models fit for purpose?

The sheer quantity and complexity of climate data create serious challenges for risk managers

News & Views

Half of US pension returns at risk of climate change wipeout

Climate change could wipe out up to 50% of investment returns for North American and Canadian pension funds by 2040, due to higher exposure to equities and alternatives, raising questions about the climate resilience of the much-cited Maple 8 Model.

News & Views

Rethinking insurance to support a net-zero world

Switching from a backward to a forward looking risk model may help insurers not only price climate risks but also step up their support for the energy transition

Briefs
News & Views

30% of top emitters set 1.5°C targets but most lack action plans

The biggest corporate emitters have made some progress in aligning their long-term climate targets with the 1.5°C global warming limit, but fewer than 5% have actionable plans in place, a new report has found.

News & Views

More carbon, more interest:  Europe’s banks price in climate risk

New research from the ECB shows banks are increasingly penalising polluters

News & Views

BNP Paribas ceases underwriting of coal and gas bonds

French lender BNP Paribas has effectively ceased to participate in the issuance of bonds by the oil and gas sector, the bank confirmed at its AGM this week, in one of the most drastic pushbacks to fossil fuel lending so far

News & Views

Trustees must take an ‘always on’ approach to TCFD reporting

With the UK pensions regulator reviewing climate risk disclosures, Lara Rutty, director at Cardano examines how trustees gain a better understanding of climate risks in their portfolios

Briefs