CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

South America

Briefs
Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Atharva: looking back at COP30 - where to next?

Atharva Deshmukh discusses the highlights of COP30 with Sung-Ah Kyun, associate director and head of policy, research and partnerships at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Antonina Scheer, deputy director, policy at TPI Global Climate Transition Centre at the LSE.

News & Views

Bilateral Article 6 agreements are vital to scale up SAF

Ahead of COP30, Maria Del Mar Whittaker, chief corporate responsibility officer at Latin America’s Abra Group, says bilateral Article 6 agreements are key to scaling up sustainable aviation fuels (SAF)

News & Views

Itaú Unibanco, JP Morgan Chase and Bank of America top financiers of Amazon disruption

Global lenders have provided more than $2bn (£1.6bn) in financing for new oil and gas projects in the Amazon so far this year, with Brazilian and US banks emerging as key backers, while many European lenders have scaled back their involvement

Briefs
News & Views

Barbados completes debt-for-climate swap to address water shortages

The government of Barbados has successfully completed its first debt-for-climate swap aimed at making the island nation more resilient to climate change

News & Views
Briefs
News & Views

How to manage deforestation risk

Deforestation is not only terrible for climate and biodiversity, but also poses financial risk to investors

News & Views

Stranded assets: The trillion-dollar decommissioning challenge

The cost of decommissioning stranded assets could be as high as $8 trillion across conventional and renewable energy sources, new research suggests

News & Views

How to invest in blended finance

Net Zero Investor outlines the main challenges and opportunities for institutional investors

Briefs
Briefs

G20 in the spotlight over carbon subsidies

The world’s leading economies are in the firing line for their record subsidies to the fossil fuel industry, despite last year’s commitment to the 1.5 target

Briefs
icon roundtable

UK Stewardship stocktake: Engagement in emerging markets

UK investors exchange ideas and experience on stewardship in emerging markets