CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

UK

Briefs
News & Views

Champion voices, capital gaps: asset owner-focused notes from LCAW 2026

Ashish Kumar, a sustainable finance and impact investment practitioner with family office experience and beyond, shares his key asset owner-focused reflections from this year’s London Climate Action Week.

Briefs
News & Views

Council pension fund and Hymans challenged in court over climate risk assessment

The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (RBKC) Pension Fund and its actuary, Hymans Robertson, are facing a judicial review as climate campaigners challenge the fund’s climate risk assessment

News & Views

UK offers LGPS pools a dual stewardship approach but restricts divestment

The UK’s local government pension funds, which collectively manage more than £400bn in assets, could be given greater flexibility on responsible investment as the government attempts to reconcile politically divided funds into eight mandated pools

News & Views

Climate risk mispricing under spotlight at London Climate Action Week

Conversations over physical risk have raised concerns over insurance gaps, sovereign spreads and financial materiality

Briefs
News & Views
UK

London Climate Action Week 2026 kicks off: the key events to watch

London’s annual Climate Action Week has opened with a broad schedule of events designed to demonstrate the urgency of tackling climate change, with more than 1000 events lined up, here are some highlights to add to your agenda

News & Views

North Sea drilling and public control of water and utilities key battlegrounds in the wake of Starmer’s resignation

The UK’s stance on North Sea drilling and the public control of key utilities could become defining battlegrounds for the new government following Keir Starmer’s resignation as prime minister

Briefs
News & Views

‘Change is possible’: how the John Ellerman Foundation implemented divestment in pooled funds

The John Ellerman Foundation's push to exclude primary market fossil fuel financing from pooled fund investments offers a case study in how engagement with managers can enable asset owners to punch above their weight.

Briefs
News & Views

Can you really have impact in listed equities?

Listed equities are a key lever for climate-conscious investors, but do investing in sustainable companies and engagement deliver real-world climate impact, asks Sanjay Joshi, responsible investment consultant at Hymans Robertson

Briefs
Briefs