CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Fixed Income

Briefs
News & Views

More carbon, more interest:  Europe’s banks price in climate risk

New research from the ECB shows banks are increasingly penalising polluters

News & Views

Aegon AM’s Rory Sandilands: “Working with the refinancing lifecycle is key for bond stewardship”

Part 2 of Net Zero Investor’s Stewardship Series explores engagement strategies in the short-dated bond market

Briefs
News & Views

BNP Paribas ceases underwriting of coal and gas bonds

French lender BNP Paribas has effectively ceased to participate in the issuance of bonds by the oil and gas sector, the bank confirmed at its AGM this week, in one of the most drastic pushbacks to fossil fuel lending so far

Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Mona - climate stewardship for bonds

NZI editor Mona Dohle sat down with Josephine Richardson, managing director and head of research at the Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute to discuss the role of bonds in the net zero journey

Briefs
News & Views

How bond markets can battle nature loss

Josephine Richardson, head of Research at the Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute examines how investors can steer nature positive outcomes in their bond holdings

Briefs
News & Views

Are UK investors turning their backs on private markets?

During the PLSA conference in Edinburgh, pension funds were split about the benefits of investing in private markets, with lack of transparency on carbon footprints being one concern

News & Views

Brightwell’s Wyn Francis: ‘the transition is on the verge of accelerating’

As part of our new podcast series, NZI with Mona, Net Zero Investor sat down with Brightwell CIO Wyn Francis to discuss the challenges of decarbonising a fixed-income heavy portfolio.

Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Mona - Wyn Francis

Wyn Francis, CIO for Brightwell sits down with Mona Dohle to discuss his net zero by 2035 strategy and the challenges that come with tackling climate change in fixed income portfolios

News & Views

Dirty debt: rising yields put spotlight on carbon footprint of bond portfolios

Rising interest rates have led to increased institutional allocations in fixed income assets but this also raises concerns about decarbonisation strategies for bond portfolios

News & Views

Investors eye carbon capture as part of transition finance

Institutional investors see green bonds as the safest investment route into this early stage technology

Briefs