CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Nature

News & Views

Nature risk: the missing pillar of credible climate transition plans

While tracking climate risk has become common place for institutional investors, many fail to consider nature risks warn Rohan Bowater, co-founder at Accela Research and Eleanor Whittle, founder of Alopias Earth

Briefs
Briefs
Briefs
Briefs

COP30: Germany commits €1bn to Brazil’s tropical forest conservation fund

The Tropical Forest Forever Facility is seeking to blend $25bn of public capital with $100bn of institutional investment. The leveraged fund could become one of the world’s largest emerging market investment vehicles

Briefs
News & Views

COP 30: Brazil’s Tropical Forest Forever Facility needs $100bn of institutional capital

At COP30, Brazil is planning the launch of a new Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), the blended finance investment fund could become one of the world's largest emerging market investment vehicles

News & Views

Agnostic capital: how carbon offset funds navigate a divided market  

Stafford Capital Partners head of sustainability Marta Jankovic shares her take on institutional appetite for nature-based credits

News & Views

Itaú Unibanco, JP Morgan Chase and Bank of America top financiers of Amazon disruption

Global lenders have provided more than $2bn (£1.6bn) in financing for new oil and gas projects in the Amazon so far this year, with Brazilian and US banks emerging as key backers, while many European lenders have scaled back their involvement

News & Views

Why crossing global tipping points is bad news for investors

Ahead of COP30 in Brazil next month, Kai Johns, senior ESI researcher at Greenbank, the responsible investment specialists in Rathbones examines the latest Global Tipping Points Report and why crossing planetary boundaries will hit investment portfolios

News & Views

NZI Annual Conference 2025: the transition is gaining pace

With the global energy transition accelerating, Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference highlighted where investors are finding the most compelling opportunities across asset classes

News & Views

“Like infrastructure in its early days”: AXA IM Alts’ Alexandre Martin-Min on carbon credits and nature-based solutions

AXA IM Alts’ head of natural capital says carbon credits are a game changer for asset owners

Briefs
Briefs
News & Views

Growing returns: Brunel’s Alvarez-Dominguez on the outlook for natural capital

Brunel’s Jaime Alvarez-Dominguez, portfolio manager sustainable infrastructure and private equity explains why nature is gaining ground in real asset portfolios and why integrity in the carbon market is key