CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Portfolio Management

News & Views

Beyond the black box: how index investors can support the net zero transition

New research from the IIGCC sheds light on the challenges of climate index investing

News & Views

Scaling climate solutions: inside LPPI’s new Environmental Opportunities Fund

Ahead of the launch of LPPI’s £500m Environmental Opportunities Fund this week, Net Zero Investor sat down with the fund's dedicated portfolio manager Helena Threlfall to discuss the thinking behind the new strategy

News & Views

In pictures: NZI’s Renewable Infrastructure Summit 2025

Picture highlights from Net Zero Investor's second Renewable Infrastructure Summit in London

News & Views

2030 targets: how can DC investors move beyond the low-hanging fruit?

DC investors have made some progress on climate change, with most major master trusts setting net zero targets and cutting emissions. But is the hardest work still to come?

News & Views

Asset owners focus on climate adaptation as heat rises

Donald Trump’s return to the White House highlights the need for asset owners to factor in climate adaptation, as well as mitigation

Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Atharva Deshmukh - David Russell on carbon footprints

Net Zero Investor's head of Research Atharva Deshmukh sits down with David Russell chair of the Transition Pathway Initiative to discuss if it is time for investors to rethink the role of carbon footprints in their portfolios.

News & Views

Where do the UK’s DC master trusts stand on meeting their net-zero targets?

While the largest master trusts have now all set net zero targets, a closer look under the bonnet is required to establish how the pension providers are scoring on net zero

News & Views

EIOPA’s fossil fuel shakeup: are insurers rethinking their investment strategies?

EIOPA’s new guidance on the prudential treatment of fossil fuel assets for European insurers could spark significant changes. Are insurers rethinking their exposure?

News & Views

AP7 blacklists two oil firms over Paris Agreement breaches

Swedish pension fund AP7 has excluded the firms from its investment portfolio, citing their failure to align with the Paris Agreement.

News & Views

Half of US pension returns at risk of climate change wipeout

Climate change could wipe out up to 50% of investment returns for North American and Canadian pension funds by 2040, due to higher exposure to equities and alternatives, raising questions about the climate resilience of the much-cited Maple 8 Model.

News & Views

Fidelity’s FutureWise to target climate solutions through new LTAF

FutureWise, Fidelity International’s £16.9bn default investment strategy for UK-based pension schemes, is set to integrate private assets into its default offering, paving the way for allocations to climate solutions.

Partner Content

UK Transition Infrastructure Investing Roundtable: new horizons

Net Zero Investor’s Energy Transition Infrastructure Roundtable highlighted the evolving role of sustainable infrastructure in meeting net-zero targets and the broader push for global decarbonisation

News & Views

IGCC Summit: : investors assess portfolio impact of Trump’s win

Asset owners highlight the crucial role of policy signals and warn of further divergence with US managers

News & Views

Balancing speed and impact: Aon’s Jo Sharples on net zero targets for DC

With net zero targets set, Aon's CIO for DC Solutions Jo Sharples discusses the need for real impact over symbolic actions and explains the potential of private markets to accelerate the transition

News & Views

Border to Coast increases allocation to climate solutions

The pool’s latest climate change report shows £8bn is invested in equity and fixed income portfolios, an additional £2.5bn deployed in private markets.